Carbureter.



T. A. SWARTS.

CARBURETER.

APPLlc/mon FILED MAY la, 1914.

Patented May 16, 1916.

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UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS A. SWAR-TS, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO.

CARBURETER.

Application filed May 18.1914.

Be it ltnown that l. Tuouxs `a'wxirrs. a eitizeii o1l the l'nited l\`tates. residing at Coluiiihns. in the eouuty ol' l `ranl lin aml State'ol' Ohio. have invented eertain new and useful linprovenients in ("arliureters. ol' whieh the following is a speeifieatiou.

My invention relates to the art ot earbu reting air and resides mainly iu the provision olf a earlaireting deviee whereby a highly ellieient and highly explosive mixturel of air and hydro-eaihon gas may be generated for supplying energy to an internal eoinhustioii engine.

Tt is a well known fart among workers in thx art that an internal eoniliusition engine when running at a eoinparatively high speed will operate on a weaker mixture olA liiel than when running :it a lower speed to develop thel Same amount of power. it being borne in imnd that where i'elerring to Speeds. I have in mind engine speed and not linear speed of motor vehieles. 'l`herel'oie, when an engine isstarted. it. is well to sup ply a very rieh mixture. but when the engine has pielced up in speed. it will operate very elheiently on a wealt'er mixture. 'l`liis fart is not new with nie. but it has been reeognized for some time. but the inherent weakness in sifl'iplyiiig this weaker mixture has been to obtain a perl'eet eonniiingling ol' th" air and volatilized fluid.

My invention resides essentially in the provision ot" a struetuie for varying the strength otI tht` mixture and at the same time obtaining a perleet mixture.

As an additional t'eature in this eonneetion. l have provided a strueture tor autoniatieally varying the density ot the supply mixture with every eliange ol' engine Speed. this antoiiiatie varying being aeeoiiiplished by the suetion produeed by the engine itself.

Still a further olijeet' ot niy invention resides; in the speeifie strueture adopted for ae- -eoniplishing the above results. this speeitie structure being defined as a leoinbination of Spray nozzle and Venturi tube. the Venturi tube beingT located to eoperateI with the spray nozzle and hein;r mounted to he alitoniatieally adjustable toward :ind away from the spray nozzle by the suetion ot the enln this manner. the air admitted to the explosive mixture with eaeh eliange of engine Speed. will vary by automatically niovintf:r the throat ol'V the venturi toward or Specification of Letters' Patent.

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Serial No. 839.433.

away l'roiii the nozzle as the rase may he. the movement oll the throat with respeet to the spra) nozzle. iii elleet. rhanginigr the eross sei-tional area for the adniissioiiiol' the invided a `struetni'e l'or operation in eoiiplnetion with the normal mixture regulating nieaiis to ieadliilsl this regulation or its' equivalent. to prevent a further eorresponding adjustment under running eonditioiis while the engine is in operation. Considered in :i dill'erent light. l have provided a eonibination oll mixture regulating means autouiatieally operable with the running ot the enginiI and means operating in Conjunetion. therewith to require lgreater or less suetion to eause a eorvesponding further adjustment. .\n instaure ol' this is where the engine is ruiming at a high rate of speed when only a weak mixture is neeess'arv and the secondary regulating means may take the forni ol. an additional air supply independent ot the air passed over the spray nozzle.

Another objeet ot' niy invention resides iii an arrangement operating with an auxiliary air valve wherein two distinet stages otoperation oi this valve may lie had. ln other words. the air auxiliary valve is held elosed by a predetermintal tension toi' a given amount of opening and any further opening is retarded-hy a seeoiid tensioning' nieans. this latter. lieeoniiiig ell'eetive only after the valve has opened a pretleteriiiiiied distanee. In this manner. where the engine is ruimingJ at a high speed and under heavy duty. the mixture will not heroine too weak. .'\ii added feature in this eouneetion resides also in the provision of means tor regulating the tension for holding the valve elosed any time this is desired and this regulation may he -sueh that both the tensioning means may beeonie etl'eetive het'ore the valve has opened at all.A This being the ease. it would require a l'ar greater suetion to open the valve than where a portion ot' the tensioning means iS idle and. therefore. the inereased suetion will reaet to draw in a rieher niixtare.

Still a further objeet of in v invention i'e- Sides in a new torni of spray nozzle wherein the indrawn (luid passes through the Spray nozzle in the nature of a hollow cylindrical film as opposed to a solid stream. Means may also be provided for breaking this fluid up, such as by the provision of a baille in the path of the incoming fluid or a flaring head carried by the needle valve of the spray nozzle itself.

Still another object of my invention resides in forming the vapirizing chamber, containing the spray nozzle and the fluid chamber, concentrically and forming the wall supporting the fluid chamber and the vaporizing chamber, hollow to form a heat jacket. Vv'hen a heated medium is circulated through this hollow wall, a heat interchange is effected, a portion of this going to heat up.the fluid in the fluid chamber and the remainder heating the walls over which the incoming air is caused to pass, thereby causing a more ready vapor-ization of the fluid.

The preferred embodiment of my invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which similar characters of refw erence designate corresponding parts, and in which the figure is a central vertical section of my carbureter.

My carbureter comprises a main body suitably shaped and formed in any desired number of pieces to facilitate its easy manufacture, a member 1 forming a portion of its body and having a vaporizing chamber 2 formed therein. This vaporizing chamber is also provided with a Venturi tube 3 of the.` conventional taper in both directions from =the throat portion 4. The present Venturi tube, however, is not adapted to be rigidly; mounted in position, but is movably mounted to move up and down and be limited in its upward movement by engaging' inwardly projecting lugs 5 as is clearly shown in Fig. 3. The lower portion of the Venturi tube engages a shoulder 6 formed in the Vaporizing chamber and is normally held in engagement with this shoulder by the tension exerted by a surrounding coiled spring 7.

Surrounding this vaporizing chamber 2 and concentrically formed therewith is the fiuid chamber 8 carrying a float 9, the latter serving as the operating means for the inlet valve mechanisln shown generally at the left of the drawing and designated 10, the lever 11 pivoted as at 12, serving as the operating connection between the two. Beneath the valve mechanism 10,1 have provided a gasolene inlet 13, this inlet being in communication with the float chamber 8 by means of the. aperture 14 directly below the valve seat 15. A clean-out plug 1G is also provided at a 'point beneath this valve mechanism to withdraw any accumulated solid matter.v

Mounted within the vaporizing chamber 2 and in operativerelation to the Venturi tube 3, is my spray nozzle structure, this. structure comprising essentially an outer tubular member 17v and an inner stem 18 held spaced from the inner periphery of the tube. Both the tubular member 17 and the inner stein 1S may be mounted upon the carbureter as a whole in any desired manner, it being necessary only that these two members should be of a relative size that a thin annular space is formed between them, this space being in communication with the float chamber by means of transverse passages 19. The upper end of the tubular member 17 is flared inwardly as is shown at 20 to leave only a small opening through which projects the head 21 at the top of the stem 18. I have also concaved the upper portion of this stem 18 as is shown at 22, the concaved portion being normally the part disposed in the upper inwardly flared opening. The stem 18 is also vertically adjustable to govern the amount of admitted fluid by means of its threaded connection 23 and the thumb bolt 24a. The main air inlet is shown adjacent the bottom of the carbureter and designated by the numeral 21, the amount of this opening being governed -by the position of anysuitabletype of valve vstructure such as is shown at 25. After air enters the opening 24, it passes upwardly through thev passage 26 where it passes around the middle in which are formed the passages19 and thence over the spraynozzle structure and into the Venturi tube where a suitable mixture is formed and suction of the engine then draws this mixture out through the passage 27, the latter being also governed by ya valve structure such as is shown at 28. f

The operation of the structure thus far described is asfollows: A suitable .quantity of gasolene or whatever hydro-carbon maybe used, is admitted by means of the valve zle, which action causes an indrawing of the gasolene and vaporization thereof. The indrawn gasolene is thus presented a's a thin film and because of the-inwardly flared portion of the upper end of the tube 17, the gasolene is caused to impinge upon the headed portion 21 and is thus sprayed out to be absorbed by the incoming air. Reference to the figure shows the relative position between the spray nozzle and the Venturi tube 3 when this tube is in 'its lowermost position.

'The space between the throat of the venturi and the spray nozzle will permit the passage of a certain amount of air and if the suction 1s low due to a slow running of the engine, it will be apparent that the Venturi tube will be in a lower position than when the suction is great. lVhen the suction is great, it necessarily follows that this suction will cause an elevation ot' the Venturi tube toward the. lugs 5 and, therefore, the sectional area tor the passage ot' the incoming air will be increased. Therefore, the greater the suction the greater will be the amount of air passing over the spray nozzle and consequently the mixture will be weaker. Incidentally, this weakening and enriching ot' the mixture is accomplished automatically by the change of engine speed itself.

[Ynder very high speeds it is desirable to have a very weak mixture and this may be accomplished by the provision of an auxiliary air valve such as is shown at 29. By the opening otthis valve, air may be drawn in through the passage 30 and then through the passage 31 into the outlet passage 27, where it is caused to mix with the mixture already produced. Tt must be apparent that there is a peculiar action Set up when this valve is opened, inasmuch as the suction upon the Venturi tube 3 will be somewhat relieved and, therefore, it will readjust itself downwardly and, therefore, when this auxiliary air valve is properly controlled, an almost perfect mixture may be had. This control may be effected from the driver`s seat in any manner if desired by means ot' the lever` 32 pivoted at 33 and -arrying ay cam formation 34 at its inner end. This caln formation operates upona shoulder 35 formed on the sleeve member 36, the latter also serving as an abutment for a spring 3T bearing upon the valve 29. By operation of the cam structure 34, the tension of the spring 37 may be varied and, therefore. correspondingly varying the suction at which the valve is adapted to be opened. As stated, this control may bc had either direct from the driver`s seat or the lever 32 may be connected with any suitable leverage means connected to the lever 38 of the throttle valve 28.

The pressure means for holding the valve Q9 closed, has been divided by me into two springs, the one being the spring 37 and the other the spring 39. The latter is preffe'ably made short, so that it is normally idle when the valve is in a position of closure and the sleeve 36 in its uppermost position. It will thus be seen that the valve 29 will have to be opened a predetermined distance before the spring 39 becomes active to retard its opening movement, but after the spring 37 is sufticiently compressed to cause the spring 39 to become active. it requires an additional pressure to open the same any farther. It will be understood that the opening of this auxiliary air valve permits the Venturi tube to partially return to its original position and consequently after the auxiliary valve not permitted to Open farther. the Venturi tube will again begin its upward adjustment until this upward movement is interceptial by the lugs l have also made the wall separating the val'iorizing chamber and the ioat chamber ol' a hollow nature such as is indicated at 4U, this hollow portion forming `a double wall structure t'or the circulation of a heat ing medium such as heated water, the inlet being `shown at -ll and the outlet at ft2. 1t will thus be seen that circulation of a heating medium through this double wall structure will impart a certain amount of heat through the fluid within the float chamber and also h at the interior periphery of the vaporizing chamber so that the incoming air will also be slightly heated to increase the vaporization oi the iluid as it leaves the spray nozzle.

What T claim, is:

1. carbureter comprising a spray nozzle. a Venturi tube encircling the same and mounted to be automatically adjusted t0- ward or away from the nozzle by the suction ot an engine, and means for readjusting the position ot' said tube with respect to said nozzle while the engine is running at high speed, said means being constructed to remain in such adjusted position for all engine speeds until readjusted.

A carbureter comprising a spray nozzle, a Venturi tube encircling the same and mounted to be automatically adjusted toward or away from the nozzle by the suction of an engine` and 1n \ans operating in conjunction with said Venturi mounting to require gratcr or less suction to caup'e Corresponding adjusting movement .oi' said tube, said means being constructed' to remain in such adjusted position for all engine speeds until readjusted.

3. A\ carbureter comprising a spray nozzle, a Venturi tube encircling the same and mounted to be automatically adjusted toward or away from the nozzle by the suction otan engine` and an auxiliary air valve adapted to be opened or closed to readjust the position of said tube with respect to said nozzle while the engine is running.

l. A carbureter comprising a spray nozzle, a Venturi tube encircling the same and niounted to be automatically adjusted toward or away from the nozzle by the suc- Vtion ot an engine. an auxiliary air valve adapted to be opened by suction, and means for varying the tension on said valve to vary its opening for a given suction.

carbureter comprising a spray nozzle including a tubular member, a central stem spaced from the inner periphery of said member and projecting out through its open end, said stem having an annular groove at its projecting end to form a head, said head being of a diameter to enter the.

open end of said member, a Venturi tube encircling said nozzle and mounted to be automatically adjusted toward and away 4 from the nozzle by the suction of an engine,

and an auxiliary air valve adapted to be opened or closed to readJust the position of said tube while the engine is running.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of tWo Witnesses.

THOMAS A. SWA-RTS. f

lVitnesses:

WALTER E. L. BOCK, A. L. PHELPS. 

